Remembering Richard Hunn (1949-2006) - Sixteenth Commemoration of His Passing! (1.10.2022)10/5/2022 At certain times it seems more appropriate to remember particular events - whilst at others it is more in keeping (and more opportune) to just let certain dates and times to quietly go by without making any comment. Ch'an certainly has no interest in the conventions of the world - and Ch'an Masters even less! Bodies come into existence and then pass-away - utilising various time-frames inbetween. Society 'measures' these time-spans for scientific reasons - but all the Ch'an Method is concerned about is that each individual 'realises' the empty mind ground! Remembering the physical existence - and the 'joy' Richard Hunn's presence in the world symbolised - the Ch'an Method insists that we 'remember' to 'look' within so that we can directly perceive the 'empty mind ground' with clarity and without interruption! Richard Hunn lived for fifty-seven years and every one of those years emerged from (and eventually returned to) the empty mind ground. This image above, for instance, is a bridge situated in the remote and surrounding (mountainous) areas outside of the City of Kyoto - the place he lived within from 1991-2006. Richard Hunn was engaged in studying the origins of Chinese Ch'an in Japan - and whilst doing this he visited many and numerous Zen Temples and was introduced to 'old' ethnic Japanese martial arts teachers who lived in seclusion whilst practicing 'Chinese' martial arts systems 'outside' of the official grading system of 'coloured belts' authorised by the Japanese Government (usually possessing only a single disciple whose family possessed the financial means to support this sibling and his or her Master). Such Japanese teachers have to live in a remote and simplistic poverty as a form of 'punishment' - as such individuals are not entitled to the generous financial, material and political support afforded to the so-called 'Japanese' martial arts systems 'preferred' by the Japanese Establishment! The point is that Richard Hunn studied a broad segment of Japanese culture - making his living teaching the English language and English literature at Kyoto University. He travelled widely throughout Japan - lived in an old Samurai Cottage - and made effective attempts to see 'through' the preferences and bias of modern Japanese culture - seeing the Chinese roots of much of Japanese culture that is now denied, ridiculed or even actively negated in Japan! In the material realms of study, science and academia all this data collecting is of vital research importance - but none of it transcends the need for the Ch'an Method and the need to effectively 'look' within! This is why I remember the two sides of Richard Hunn - the academic who traversed the material environment making important notes and observations - and the Ch'an Master who effectively 'looked' within, whilst helping others to do the same!
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I apprenticed with Richard Hunn (1949-2006) for sixteen years - and it was from his expert guidance that I learned to read traditional and simplified Chinese script! As for the ethnic Chinese side of my family - I learned an old form of the Hakka language mixed with Hong Kong Cantonese - but I did not learn Chinese ideograms (other than a handful marking key Chinese philosophical terms). I mostly learned the 'pinyin' of Mainland China as this overlapped with my Western (British) education! Richard Hunn was not only a leading British Sinologist who had been accepted within the ethnic Chinese community - he had also studied with (and inherited) a legitimate Ch'an lineage under an ethnic Chinese teacher - Charles Luk (1898-1978)! In 1991, Richard Hunn took the decision to permanently relocate to Kyoto, Japan, to embark upon a commisioned study programme designed to research the Chinese Ch'an Buddhist roots of Zen Buddhism in Japan! Kyoto is an ancient city that was spared Allied blanket-bombing during WWII and still possessed ancient 'Chinese' Ch'an temples tucked between typical Japanese Zen Buddhist temples, whilst in the remote hills surrounding Kyoto, there still existed Japanese martial arts Masters who lived in rustic huts (usually with a single disciple), who practiced, preserved and passed on Chinese martial traditions that did not receive the usual Japanese government financial, cultural or political support due to their refusal to adopt the coloured-belt system of Judo - and make an official proclamation denouncing their 'Chinese' heritage. These old Masters usually survived through the kindness of rich patrons. Richard Hunn, however, was permitted a number of interviews with some of these Masters who described the history of the martial and medicinal lineages they upheld! All this stems from the fact the Japanese convention is to 'separate' lineages - whilst the Chinese tendency is to 'integrate'! In Japan, 'Soto' and 'Rinzai' are presented as unrelated Buddhist traditions - whilst in China - 'Caodong' (Soto) Masters readily resorted to all kinds of methods to free the minds of their students (including the hua tou and gongan), whilst a number of Linji (Rinzai) Masters allowed their disciples to 'sit quietly' and contemplate the empty essence of their minds! Part of this issue can be traced to the dynamics of the transmission process. Zen Master Dogen [道元 - Dao Yuan] (1200-1253), for instance, was an 'enlightened' Rinzai Master before he set-off to Japan during 1223! (His name literally translates as 'Way Origin' - or 'Emergence of Perfect Order' - and is probably related to the Confucian concept of 'Li' [禮]. That which is good but 'invisible' - through correct thought and virtuous action - is made 'visible'). When he arrived, he found his understanding was deficient (even amongst the Linji Sects), and was completely exposed when communicating with the Caodong Masters! What is presented below are a few pages of the book entitled 'Dogen's Formative Years in China - An Historical Study and Annotated Translation of the Hokyo-Ki' By Takashi James Kodera, Routledge, 1980, Pages 26-35. None of the above or following scholarship is included in this book. However, as it is my function is to facilitate the further transmission of authentic Chinese Ch'an into the West - this extra data is provided to empower the general reader to a greater degree, so that they may possess a deeper appreciation of the subject matter at hand from a Chinese language perspective, given that Takashi James Kodera has done such a good job at presenting the Japanese cultural perspective. The term pronounced 'Hokyo-Ki' in the Japanese language is written using the following Chinese ideograms:
a) 宝 (Bao) = Ho - Precious, Treasure and Cherish b) 庆 (Qing) = Kyo Virtue, Auspicious and Congratulate c) 记' (Ji) = Ki Record, Chronical and Notes Therefore, Hokyo-Ji = Baoqing-Ji (宝庆记)! Dogen studied in China between 1223-1227 CE - which was the time of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 CE). Emperor 'Lizong' (理宗) reigned between 1224-1264 CE. Dogen named this book after the first 'Era' of Lizong's reign which was termed 'Baoqing' (宝庆) - named after a house the emperor particularly favoured (a house of 'Cherished Virtue'). The ''Baoqing' (宝庆) Era measured three years of chronological time: 1) 1225 - Stem and Branch 'Yiyou' (乙酉) 2) 1226 - Stem and Branch 'Bingxu' (丙戌 3) 1227 - Stem and Branch 'Dinghai' (丁亥) Dogen's text then, purports to record in writing the details of the experiences he encountered whilst traversing the Zhejiang area of East China, and the information he gathered for the years '1225'. '1226' and ''1227'. This is a significant observation as this book omits the first years of '1223' and '1224' of Dogen's visit to China and instead focuses upon his interaction with the Caodong Ch'an teacher - Master 'Tiantong Rujing' (1163-1228). Therefore, the Baoqing Record (宝庆记) is a manual of all the dialogues and interactions that occurred between Dogen and Master Rujing! It is the fruit of this communication through which Dogen attained to a genuine understanding of the empty essence of his mind! This is a remarkable outcome considering that when he first made port in Zhejiang - the Chinese Authorities required that he stay on his ship for three months whilst a question regarding his Buddhist Ordination was clarified (as his Entry Visa was dependent upon his credentials as a fully Ordained Buddhist monastic). Although he had taken the Bodhisattva Vows - he had not yet taken the Vinaya Discipline Vows - a situation which was eventually rectified and he was granted entry! Richard Hunn (1949-2006) lived in Kyoto, Japan, from 1991 until his passing in 2006 (aged 57). He taught English Literature and English Language at Kyoto University and its environs. He chose Kyoto due to its hallowed antiquity and to study at its many (ancient) Zen Buddhis Temples. Indeed, many such temples in this area still upheld the Chinese Ch'an tradition with others practicing archaic Chinese martial arts. In many ways, this activity happened within a cultural bubble due to the strength of the surrounding (indigenous) Japanese culture. Indeed, Richard met a number of very advanced Japanese Masters who were permanently 'excluded' from ALL Japanese institutions and funding bodies as a 'punishment' for choosing to dedicate their lives to the studying of 'Chinese' cultural arts (unsullied by Japanese influence). The stories of this are many and varied, with this 'exclusion' even applied to Japanese Masters who still practiced 'Old' styles of Japanese swordsmanship that did not conform to the strictures of modern Kendo! After reading Brian Victoria's book entitled 'Zen At War' - Richard Hunn explained to me that Chinese Ch'an (outside of China) - as a distinct spiritual path - is being systematically obliterated by the aggressive policies demanded by the Japanese government. This is why Richard Hunn originally named the simple 'Ch'an Forum' we established in 2004 the 'Chinese Ch'an Buddhism Association' - a title I fully endorsed. This existed between 2004-2006. However, out of respect for my teacher I took the decision to re-name his project the 'Richard Hunn Association for Ch'an Study' in late 2006. This coincided with me developing closer ties with Mainland China and receiving encouragement to continues Richard work. Although my work has been published in The Middle Way, I am not a supporter of The Buddhist Society due to its historical anti-China attitudes and the fact that a Mainland Chinese friend of mine was discriminated against when visiting The Buddhist Society in London.
As a number of sincere practitioners have contacted me of late enquiring about the Pure Land Teachings as preserved within China - I have decided to make a simple offering of photographed pages presenting Charles Luk's expert guidance on this matter as recorded in his book entitled 'The Secrets of Chinese Meditation'. I have chosen the original (1964) hardback edition - as quite often later editions were sometimes altered here and there to suit the agenda of various publishers. This is Chapter Three (3) of that book which runs from and to pages 81=108.
Hidden Message from David Robertson:
‘Dear Fellow Brits – I cannot speak openly. I am forwarding this message hidden in a standard Falun Gong Cult propaganda email seeking ‘new’ converts to be abused by senior members. Although Li Hongzhi prefers underage girls – others prefer ‘men’ or even ‘boys’ – so you can guess my purpose! Please spread this message so that as many victims of this cult can be rescued! Many have already risked their lives getting this message out to you!’ Dear David The Falun Gong Culthttps://thesanghakommune.org/category/anti-falun-gong-cult/ I am glad to receive your call for help! It must be terrible to be kept trapped in such a despicable and deplorable CULT that traffics men, women and children as SLAVES – and uses some of the younger girls as SEX SLAVES for Li Hongzhi and his fellow CULT-LEADERS tucked away in his CIA-paid for luxury house and living complex in LA! As the Falun Gong Cult has not been allowed out on the streets of the UK for sometime due to the Covid19 pandemic – their US-paymasters have authorised ‘direct’ contacts by email and even letters! Although Li Hongzhi suffers from a mental illness whereby he perceives himself as ‘god’ in the Christian image – the Falun Gong Cult is now attempting to contact legitimate ‘Buddhist’ groups and organisations in the hope that its criminal structure will be misinterpreted as a ‘Buddhist’ or even ‘Asian’ entity – when in fact it operates on a strict ‘Eurocentric’ and ‘White Supremacist’ footing that seeks to overthrow the sovereign government of China and replace it with a US-dominated alternative. Like the European practice of ‘Black-Face’ or pantomime ‘Chinesery’ – the Falun Gong is a dangerous mixture of the White appropriation and White mimicry of Chinese culture – in the service of money laundering, theft, kidnap, slavery, paedophilia, rape, sexual abuse, torture and fraud, etc. But David – DO NOT WORRY – as the tide is turning and more and more Western people are reporting the Falun Gong Cult to the Police and various other anti-Cult Authorities! Indeed, in an attempt to rescue you – I have passed on your details to the Met Police and to various ‘Cult Watch’ groups and rescue committees. We understand that the conditions of your enslavement by the Falun Gong Cult means that you cannot speak or act freely and that you will be expected to ‘deny’ what is happening to you or face further punishment! All this we thoroughly understand and we want you not to worry as we will do everything in our power to rescue you and your fellows prisoners who are trapped in the dark and dangerous world of the Falun Gong Cult! David – please remain strong and try not to hurt any one else in the name of the Falun Gong Cult! As we work to get you out it is important that you contribute toward your own freedom through small acts of imperceptible disobedience! Do not hurt that child – release that kidnap victim – say NO to drugs! Above all – stop the racist lies against China, the Chinese people and the esteemed Communist Party of China! With Best Wishes Richard Hunn Association for Ch’an Study Fighting the Falun Gong Cult in the UK since 2004! On Wed, 8 Sep 2021, at 16:56, David Robertson wrote: Esteemed fellow Buddhist cultivator, (REMEMBER WE ARE FORCED TO SAY THESE LIES!) – Falun Dafa practitioners do not strike back when hit, nor do they talk back when insulted. But we must speak out to raise awareness about the current persecution that Falun Dafa is subject to in its country of origin – China. The practice is banned in China although millions of people still cultivate in secret. If found to be cultivating this peaceful, harmless, righteous and compassionate Buddhist practice, the Chinese government imprisons, tortures and ‘re-educates’ the person according to the Chinese Communist Party ideology. Tens of thousands of innocent people are currently being held in detention camps. Many people and their families have been tortured and killed.Falun Dafa (or Great Law) is an ancient Buddhist meditation system made public by Master Li Hongzhi (PLEASE SEE ENCLOSED MESSAGE FOR THE FACTS). It is based on the characteristics of the universe – truthfulness, compassion and forbearance. It cultivates both mind and body. The main focus of cultivation is on developing virtue by perfecting the quality of one’s character, thus lifting the constraints to reaching tranquility and accelerating spiritual progress. (REMEMBER WE ARE FORCED TO SAY THESE LIES!) – Falun Dafa practitioners do not strike back when hit, nor do they talk back when insulted. But we must speak out to raise awareness about the current persecution that Falun Dafa is subject to in its country of origin – China. The practice is banned in China although millions of people still cultivate in secret. If found to be cultivating this peaceful, harmless, righteous and compassionate Buddhist practice, the Chinese government imprisons, tortures and ‘re-educates’ the person according to the Chinese Communist Party ideology. Tens of thousands of innocent people are currently being held in detention camps. Many people and their families have been tortured and killed. (REMEMBER WE ARE FORCED TO SAY THESE LIES!) – Falun Dafa practitioners do not strike back when hit, nor do they talk back when insulted. But we must speak out to raise awareness about the current persecution that Falun Dafa is subject to in its country of origin – China. The practice is banned in China although millions of people still cultivate in secret. If found to be cultivating this peaceful, harmless, righteous and compassionate Buddhist practice, the Chinese government imprisons, tortures and ‘re-educates’ the person according to the Chinese Communist Party ideology. Tens of thousands of innocent people are currently being held in detention camps. Many people and their families have been tortured and killed.The Chinese people are fearful of speaking out and the world is mostly unaware due to the secretive nature of the Chinese government. The Chinese government has complete control over the media and uses it to disseminate propaganda, accusations and misinformation about Falun Dafa to maintain the persecution. Many world governments know the details of the persecution and human rights violations occurring in China, but they do not raise the issue due to fear of economic repercussion from the arrogant Communist Regime. (REMEMBER WE ARE FORCED TO SAY THESE LIES!) – Falun Dafa practitioners do not strike back when hit, nor do they talk back when insulted. But we must speak out to raise awareness about the current persecution that Falun Dafa is subject to in its country of origin – China. The practice is banned in China although millions of people still cultivate in secret. If found to be cultivating this peaceful, harmless, righteous and compassionate Buddhist practice, the Chinese government imprisons, tortures and ‘re-educates’ the person according to the Chinese Communist Party ideology. Tens of thousands of innocent people are currently being held in detention camps. Many people and their families have been tortured and killed.We hope that this book (attached) will be a valuable gift to clarify the teachings of Falun Dafa, strengthen the wisdom and compassion of Buddhist practitioners around the world, and raise awareness of this evil persecution of Falun Dafa. Please send your loving-kindness and righteous thoughts. We hope the teachings offered will help the reader to greater heights in their cultivation and promote a greater understanding of the vast Buddha Law throughout the world. THE AUTHENTIC BUDDHIST ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE WORLD HAVE ROUNDLY ‘CONDEMNED’ THE FALUN GONG CULT AS A DANGEROUS CULT THAT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH GENUINE BUDDHIST TEACHINGS! ONLY CHRISTIANS REFUSE TO ‘FIGHT’ WHEN CIRCUMSTANCES DEMAND – LAY-BUDDHISTS EVEN HAVE SUTRAS EXPLAINING HOW THEY SHOULD FIGHT AND CLEAN THEIR MIND! This are practices within Chinese Buddhist traditions and were emphasised by Master Xu Yun (1840-1959) - particularly as a means to eradicate any corruption that had arisen in various monastic communities – either in essence or in practice. Master Xu Yun taught that all Ch’an monastic communities must be ‘non-attached’ to events of the world and hold no overt political opinions. As the Buddha-Dharma is beyond such changing conditions – there should be nothing that delays a monastic cultivating enlightenment in the world and adjusting themselves to circumstance. It is the Dharma that is paramount and not the expedient world (which passes across the surface of the mind like so many substanceless clouds). Fighting for justice in the world is really defending the Dharma in all situations. This must be achieved through Dharmic methods that are free of greed, hatred and delusion. Whereas the Roman Catholic Church in China refused to subordinate itself to the ‘new’ Chinese government in 1955/1956 (causing all kinds of trouble amongst the people) - Master Xu Yun firmly stated that the Chinese Buddhist establishment must never oppose the Chinese government and align itself with ‘foreign’ movements that do not have the best interests of the Chinese people as their guiding ideology! How is this attitude achieved? Master Xu Yun stated that the ‘Fivefold Mediation’, the ‘Three Cumulative Conditions’ and the ‘Ten Prohibitions’ must be correctly cultivated so that there is no doubt: The Fivefold Meditation Consists of the following profound achievements: 1) The ‘Real’ is directly realised as the ‘Empty Mind Ground’ (noumenon). 2) The ‘strength’ and ‘purity’ of such insight ‘wipes-out’ all transient phenomena. 3) The realisation of an all-embracing wisdom equals the perfect ‘integration’ of ‘form’ (phenomena) with ‘void’ (noumena). 4) Within this enlightened reality is the inherent element of infinite compassion for the liberation of all beings. 5) This infinite compassion is permeated with universal kindness for all beings. (Much of this Ch’an approach is maintained in the Brahmajala Sutra – the Sutra of the Bodhisattva Rules). The Three Cumulative Conditions: 1) Do no evil in word, deed or thought. 2) Do only good in word, deed and thought. 3) Continuously benefit all sentient beings in word, deed and thought. (Distillation of the Bodhisattva Vows). The Ten Prohibitions:
1) Not to take life. 2) Not to steal. 3) Not to commit adultery. 4) Not to lie. 5) Not to take intoxicating liquor. 6) Not to take food out of regulated hours. 7) Not to use garlands or perfumes. 8) Not to sleep on high or broad beds. 9) Not to witness or participate in sing or dancing. 10) To refrain from handling minted (or non-minted) gold. (This is a condensation of the Vinaya Rules) English Language Reference: Charles Luk: Empty Cloud, The Autobiography of the Chinese Zen Master Xu Yun, Edited by Richard Hunn, Element, (1988), Pages 198-201 Dear Ben
Wilhelm's translation was ground-breaking - but remains a snapshot of his own ideas and misunderstandings. Yes - it is a good literal translation - word for word - but makes no sense when read because he did not really know (or understand) the historical, cultural and philosophical context of a) each hexagram and b) each hexagram in relation to the totality of the 'meaning' of the Yijing. How could he know these things? He was a German; Protestant Christian and this upbringing does not automatically confer an innate cultural understanding about certain aspects of China's feudalistic past! The scope of Wilhelm's achievement is often used to obscure the deviancies of his translations and the hopeless trap of 'Eurocentrism' he often got himself into. For instance, Hexagram 52 (䷳) is symbolic of a 'mountain' placed over a 'mountain' and is referred to as '艮' (gen4). However, his misunderstanding of Buddhist 'nirvana' is laughable but thought 'quaint' in the West! Both mountains assert a joint (simultaneous) 'downward' pressure from which neither can escape. Therefore, 'stillness' is achieved due to there being a 'rootedness' present - a certain gravitas operating equally through the mind, body and environment. A true scholar has aligned his or her bone-structure through calming the mind and allowing the bodyweight to drop into the ground through the feet - whilst passing through the centre of the bone (and stimulating the bone-marrow). Although this normally elicits a 'rebounding' force as the bodyweight bounces of the floor it impacts - in this instance the 'downward' force is so powerful that the onus is always 'toward the ground'. This should represent a time of extraordinary psychological and physical 'discipline' OR 'oppression' in the outer physical world that can be used as a form of inner 'discipline' as a means of coping with the pressure. Hexagram 52 is like perpetually 'drawing a bow' and yet never letting the arrow 'fly'... There is a perfect 'stillness' within movement - with such a build-up of explosive energy, what will happen next? As for the name of the hexagram - '艮' (gen4) - the upper particle '目' (mu4) represents an 'eye' on a 'face' - whilst the lower particle '匕' (bi3) which historically represents a type of deep and wide 'spoon' (common in China) as well as a 'dagger' - or stabbing implement. There is also the suggestion of an individual 'firing an arrow' or being 'struck by an arrow' - whilst on occasion this ideogram might be written as '妣' (bi3) which represents a 'post-humous' designation for one's deceased mother. Sometimes, there is a discord between the symbolic meaning of the hexagrams and the ideograms used to describe that meaning. Why is this? It could be that as time has gone by, scribes have either accidently miscopied texts by hand, or misunderstood the meaning of what they were copying and made unnecessary corrections and adjustments assuming they were putting right previous errors, etc. It could also be that as time progresses the assumed overt or implied meaning of a hexagram has undergone evolutionary development and that this has created a discord between the inherent meaning of the hexagram and the obvious meaning of the descriptive ideogram. Of course, looking at we have there are two references to weaponry (dagger and arrow), one reference to an eating implement whilst another reference is to being 'dead'. However, we must not forget that an 'eye' is watching over all that unfolds. A weapon and a spoon require mastery if combat (and cooking) is to be truly mastered. Furthermore, when a person 'dies' their body becomes 'still'. A weapon can 'kill' - but before it does the user must perfect is usage which requires a knowledge of 'when' (action) and 'when not' (stillness) to use it. The bow may be drawn but yet fired. If there is no food to eat, one becomes 'still' and ceases to 'move'. A spoon can serve food that exists or remain 'still' when no food is forthcoming. This hexagram seems to indicate the self-aware ability of remaining both inwardly and outwardly 'still' when circumstances a) allow for it, or are b) demand it. Just some thoughts. With Metta Adrian Dear Venerable
We must navigate our way through the tangle of worldly pathways until it is time to transition to whatever comes next (if anything). I always remember your kind postcards and inspiring emails. You certainly seem to possess a sincere and deep connection with the Dharma. Master Xu Yun (1840-1959) would have been intrigued by your commitment, energy and ongoing Dharma-work! He always thought about the West and how the Dharma could be spread to help the ordinary people. This is probably because he met a surprising number of Western people during his very long life! I have spent a number of years carefully working my way through old Chinese texts and making extensive notes - keeping an eye on the dates and times, as well as the locations and the individuals involved. Every time I add up the years and cross-reference the dates and locations - the chronological age of Master Xu Yun always comes to 119-years-old - with him dying within (and during) his 120th year of life! I was once contacted by a Western scholar who was determined to prove Master Xu Yun's age 'wrong' and to suggest Master Xu Yun was 'lying'. He provided a photograph of an engraved tomb-stone in China which appear to suggest that Master Xu Yun was born in or around 1859! I located this stone and flew-out to China with permission to investigate. It transpired that once the moss and dirt was cleaned away - the date actually said '1839' rather than '1859'! The Chinese language numbering had been completely obscured but when restored it read '一千八百三十九' or more specifically the '20th year of the reign of the Emperor Daoguang'. This suggests that the Western solar years 1839-1840 span the single Chinese lunar year which began on February 3rd, 1840 (which was the 'Metal Rat'). However, the Emperor Daoguang ascended the throne on October 3rd, 1820 - whilst Master Xu Yun was born on August 26th, 1840 (according to Charles Luk's calculations). This is probably an editing error and should read 'August 29th' according to my research. As '1820' is counted as 'year 1' of Emperor Daoguang's reign (meaning that '1839' is year twenty of his reign) - it follows that any date before 'October 3rd' 1840 falls within the twentieth year of Emperor Daoguang's reign - and therefore Master Xu Yun was indeed born in the twentieth year of the reign of Emperor Daoguang. If he had been born on or after October 3rd, 1840, then Master Xu Yun would have been born during the twenty-first year of the reign of Emperor Daoguang! You are probably aware that within Chinese culture, when a baby is born - he or she - is already considered 'one year's old'! This habit of counting the first year as 'one' was used in dating and measuring reigns, etc, with another year added to a person's life when they died (out of respect)! With Metta Adrian Master Xu Yun (1840-1959) inherited all Five Schools of Ch'an Buddhism. So respected was his spiritual attainments that he was even transmitted lineages that he had not formally trained within - but whose teachers recognised that his depth of insight, humility and compassion fully equalled the divine levels of attainment that their schools demanded! In other words, without going out of his room, he knew all things (to quote the 'Book of Changes'). Chinese culture is very different to that of the modern West - despite the obvious similarities and intersections. Within the schools of Chinese spirituality - individuals can live very long periods time - and lineages can be passed from long-dead Masters to living Teachers and Practitioners! There is no need to justify any of this, it is just how things are - pure and simple. Lineages are like streams that flow into mighty rivers and then the sea! A genuine lineage should have a compelling force all of its own that propels adherents toward the intended spiritual goal! A true lineage is like an ever-moving conveyor-belt that moves everything along - continuously - and in the same direction! We must all set a good example for our colleagues, students and descendants! If we cultivate virtue and set a good example - then by our pure actions we are 'adding' momentum to the lineages we represent!
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